Chronic Pancreatitis: Introduction

The pancreas is located deep in the retroperitoneal space of the upper part of the abdomen (Figure 1). It is almost completely covered by the stomach and duodenum. This elongated gland (12–20 cm in the adult) has a lobe-like structure. Variation in shape and exact body location is common. In most people, the larger part of the gland's head is located to the right of the spine or directly over the spinal column and extends to the spleen. The pancreas has both exocrine and endocrine functions. In its exocrine capacity, the acinar cells produce digestive juices, which are secreted into the intestine and are essential in the breakdown and metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. In its endocrine function capacity, the pancreas also produces insulin and glucagon, which are secreted into the blood to regulate glucose levels.